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Accepted papers
Shadow Detection and Elimination for Robot and Machine Vision Applications
Luma Issa Abdul-Kreem, Hussam k. Abdul-Ameer
Accepted: 2024-03-17
Abstract
Shadow removal is crucial for robot and machine vision as the accuracy of object detection is greatly influenced by the uncertainty and ambiguity of the visual scene. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm for shadow detection and removal based on different shapes, orientations, and spatial extents of Gaussian equations. Here, the contrast information of the visual scene is utilized for shadow detection and removal through five consecutive processing stages. In the first stage, contrast filtering is performed to obtain the contrast information of the image. The second stage involves a normalization process that suppresses noise and generates a balanced intensity at a specific position compared to the neighboring intensities. In the third stage, the boundary of the target object is extracted, and in the fourth and fifth stages, respectively, the region of interest (ROI) is highlighted and reconstructed. Our model was tested and evaluated using realistic scenarios which include outdoor and indoor scenes. The results reflect the ability of our approach to detect and remove shadows and reconstruct a shadow free image with a small error of approximately 6%.
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A.V. Shklyar, A.A. Zakharova, E.V. Vekhter
Accepted: 2024-02-18
Abstract
Visualization of flow of a viscous incompressible fluid corresponding to exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations
V. A. Galkin, A.O. Dubovik, D.A. Morgun
Accepted: 2024-02-12
Abstract
The article is devoted to the visualization of the flows of a viscous incompressible fluid, corresponding to the exact solutions of the system of hydrodynamic equations, previously published by the authors, consisting of the Navier-Stokes vector equation and the law of conservation of mass for an incompressible fluid. This work uses the MathGL library for the C/C++ language and ParaView for scientific visualization of the results of numerical and analytical calculations. These software tools provide a wide range of possibilities for visual representation and, therefore, a clearer representation of the structure of such flows, especially in the three-dimensional case. For example, without the use of such means it would be impossible to see that the trajectories of fluid particles are wound around torus-shaped surfaces.
Most often, scientific works devoted to the study of hydrodynamic equations concern exclusively numerical modeling, and very little attention is paid to the study of exact solutions for these problems. At the same time, the calculations performed are based on fitting parameters specific to the specific equipment and the computer software used. The issues of trust in the results of such calculations, their verification with exact solutions and the creation of a bank of test examples of applied problems in order to verify the applicability of the calculation results in practice become relevant.
Back to the Future: Visualization of Development, Problems and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Quantum Computing
A.V. Tsaregorodtsev, P.V. Revenkov, A.A. Berdyugin
Accepted: 2024-02-10
Abstract
The manuscript is of a review and analytical nature and reflects the current situation in the field of information technology (IT). The relevance of the article is due to the need to popularize IT among young people, which is recorded in the documents of the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation, as well as the high demand for experts in the field of digital technologies and the need to increase the digitalization of Russia. According to GeekBrains (the first programming school in Russia, which appeared in 2010, and the leader in the field of digital professions training, which operates in 85 regions of the Russian Federation and 21 countries of the world), the volume of vacancies for IT specialists in our country will grow to 2 million by 2027. All large organizations are looking for specialists in the IT industries described in this and the following work. In this article, which is the first part of the study, the possibilities and problems of the following advanced technologies are considered: artificial intelligence, Data Science and quantum computing. The concepts of technologies are analyzed from the point of view of their applied daily use and application in professional spheres. The topics are closely related, complement each other in one way or another, the logic and chronology of events in the global IT sphere are observed. The conclusion of the article contains a description of the thought experiment of the authors of the manuscript on the hypothetical revival of machine intelligence, which accumulates the above technologies taking into account the laws of physics, as well as calculations for this experiment. The presentation materials from one of the educational shows “The Way to IT” by GeekBrains were used, including GIF animation, which is reproduced only on the website of the journal “Scientific Visualization”.
Visualization of solar radiation using three-dimensional computer graphics technologies
F.A. Mager, A.V. Sokolova, O.I. Khristodulo
Accepted: 2024-02-05
Abstract
Currently, the prediction, calculation and rationing of solar radiation is a serious problem that has a wide impact on the spheres of human activity. Creating and maintaining a comfortable living environment, as well as solving the world's energy problems, are the fundamental criteria that determine its relevance. This article discusses the possibility of using three-dimensional graphics technologies to calculate insolation. The paper considers an algorithm for calculating the four main components of the visualization of global solar radiation: direct beam radiation, diffuse radiation, reflected beam radiation and reflected diffuse radiation. The freely distributed open source software Blender 3D is used as a tool for working with computer graphics. In the course of the study, calculations based on the principle of bidirectional path tracing, which is used in the visualization algorithms of the Cycles graphics engine, are presented. The use of the technology of transferring complex data to the raster image format allows you to create a separate texture map for each component of the simulated lighting. Based on the obtained texture maps, it is possible to calculate the global solar radiation for all created or imported 3D models in the three-dimensional space of Blender 3D.
Building depth maps using an active-pulse television measuring system in real time domain
I.D. Musikhin, V.V. Kapustin, A.A. Tislenko, A. A. Movchan, S.A. Zabuga
Accepted: 2023-12-23
Abstract
The paper presents the results of software development for building depth maps based on video data from a television camera of an active-pulse television measuring system (AP TMS) in real time domain. The development of such software is required to conduct various scientific studies, as well as to improve the methods and techniques for building depth maps and remote measurement of the characteristics of objects of interest. The software was implemented using the Python programming language with additional libraries installed. According to the results of testing the implemented algorithm, it was found that the calculation speed using the graphics processing unit (GPU) is on average 3.5 times higher than the speed of the algorithm using only the central processing unit (CPU). It has been established that with the help of CUDA cores it is possible to build depth maps in real time domain at the maximum possible resolution of video frames of the system (1544x2064 pixels), while when using the central processor, real-time operation is possible only at a reduced resolution of video frames (772x1032 pixels).
Dual-pass Feature-Fused SSD model for detecting multi-scale vehicles on the construction site
M. Petrov, S. Zimina, D. Dyachenko, A. Dubodelov, S. Simakov
Accepted: 2023-12-16
Abstract
When detecting equipment on a construction site the objects of detection could have very different scale relative to the image on which they are located. For better detection and bounding box visualization of small objects, a Feature-Fused modification of the SSD detector can be used. Together with the use of overlapping image slicing on the inference, this model copes well with the detection of small objects. However, excessive manual adjustment of the slicing parameters for better detection of small objects can both generally worsen detection on scenes different from those on which the model was adjusted, and lead to significant losses in the detection of large ob- jects and problems with their bounding box visualization. Therefore, to achieve the best quality, the image slicing parameters should be automatically selected by the model depending on the characteristic scales of objects in the image.
The article presents a dual-pass version of Feature-Fused SSD for automatic de- termination of image slicing parameters. To determine the characteristic sizes of detected objects on the first pass, a fast truncated version of the detector is used. On the second pass the final object detection is carried out with slicing parameters selected after the first one. Depending on the complexity of the task being solved, the detector demonstrates a quality of 0.82 - 0.92 according to the mAP (mean Average Precision) metric.
Multiscale analysis of high resolution digital elevation models using the wavelet transform
A.N. Zemtsov
Accepted: 2023-11-24
Abstract
A technique is proposed for choosing the optimal wavelet basis in terms of decorrelation of the spectral coefficients of the wavelet basis when solving the problem of representation of digital elevation models. In the course of the work, it was revealed that the selection of the spectral transform basis significantly affects the accuracy of the representation of the original model. The proposed method to the decomposition of digital elevation models based on the discrete wavelet transform does not require large computational costs. A technique is proposed for selection the optimal wavelet basis from the position of the minimum mean square error of the reconstructed signal, when quantizing the high-frequency expansion coefficients. Expressions are obtained for generating scaling and wavelet functions in R^3 space. The method developed to represent digital elevation models has good properties, which allows to significantly increase the resolution of digital elevation models in the implemented regional geoinformation system.
INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT FOR INDUSTRIAL AND SCIENTIFIC-COGNITIVE TOURISM WITH APPLICATION OF GIS
Î.À. Ulchitsky, Å.Ê. Podobreeva, Y.V. Kocherzhinskaya, Å.Ê. Bulatova, O.M. Veremey
Accepted: 2023-11-24
Abstract
The subject of the stated research is conditioned by the need to develop modern methods and technologies of information support of the tourism industry of the regional profile taking into account its specifics and features. Awareness and comfortable conditions of tourist service are the key factors of successful promotion and sustainable development of this sphere. In the near future, domestic tourism has great prospects, it concerns many territories of the country, and the Southern Urals is no exception.
The article is a continuation of research work related to the collection and analysis of geodata, as well as the visualization of the information environment. This study shows how to graphically visualize information on the basis of the development of an interactive scheme project with the possibility of overlaying it on a scalable satellite map in the field of industrial, scientific-cognitive tourism and architectural tourism on the example of a separate layer "Country of Cities" for the objects located in the South Urals.
In the research on the basis of the program utility "Grid cartogram of reference archaeological objects" the design concept of the interface functionality of utility "KROT-1.0" ("Cartogram of reference objects of tourism. Version 1.0") is developed and tested as an interactive cartogram on Internet platforms.
Methodology wise, the research process consists of 2 stages: pre-project or data collection with the formation of a database catalog and design and research, with the implementation of results, consisting in the development of the design concept of the utility and its integration with a web resource developed on the platform of non-commercial CMS; analysis and comparison of the results obtained on different platforms, publication or placement of the developed interactive schemes on internal servers and Internet platforms with further prospects for the development of mobile applications for the provision of information environment in different spheres of regional tourism.
Multiple cubes growth algorithms for simple representative elementary volume determination on 3D binary images
R. I. Kadyrov
Accepted: 2023-11-17
Abstract
Porosity analysis is fundamental for understanding various material properties and transport phenomena in scientific and engineering disciplines. This study delves into the challenging task of determining the representative elementary volume (REV) in porous media, crucial for accurate analyses. Two novel algorithms, Center-Corner Cubes Growing (3CG) and Random Cubes Growing (RCG), were proposed and tested on synthetic body-centered cubic (BCC) sphere packing and natural porous structures of Berea sandstone and Indiana limestone, obtained using µCT. First algorithm (3CG) operates by analyzing porosity within cubes growing from each of the eight corners and a central region of a 3D binarized stack. In contrast, the Random Cube Growing (RCG) algorithm randomly selects seed points within the 3D stack and grows cubic regions around them. Both algorithms systematically compute porosity for various cube sizes, determining the average porosity and standard deviation for each extent. These visual analytics tools contribute to identifying the specific size ranges where porosity curves converge and stabilize, indicating potential REV within the material. While 3CG simplifies the approach by focusing on a limited number of curves, RCG provides a broader view, capturing diverse porosity patterns. The absence of consistent local minima in certain cases indicates high porosity heterogeneity and the impossibility of achieving REV in certain sample sizes.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND VISUALIZATION OF THE COMPLEX STRESS STATE DURING A DIAPHYSEAL FEMORAL FRACTURE
K.N. Krupin, M.A. Kislov, V.I. Bahmetev, E.M. Kildyushov
Accepted: 2023-11-05
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to establish the possibility of using the finite element analysis method to study complex stress states in case of a femur fracture with subsequent data visualization. Experimental data were obtained on a solid-state mathematical parametric model of the femur, created on the basis of computer tomogram data, and repeating studies on native biological objects. As a result of mathematical modeling, oblique transverse and helical fractures of the diaphysis of the femur with elements of helical deformation were studied. The application of finite element analysis made it possible to visualize and predict the stresses arising in bone tissue under the impact of a blunt solid object in a complex stress state and the morphological features of femoral shaft fractures under different torsional loading forces of the proximal part of the femur. The data on the mechanism and morphology of the femoral shaft fracture obtained during modeling are confirmed by the results of original full-scale experiments.
Functional-voxel modeling of the Cauchy problem
A.V. Tolok, N.B. Tolok
Accepted: 2023-11-05
Abstract
The paper considers an approach to solving the Cauchy problem for an example of a partial differential equation of the first order under given boundary conditions by the functional voxel method (FVM). The proposed approach uses the accumulated experience of differentiation and integration into FV- modeling to obtain local geometric characteristics of triangular elements on the surface of the resulting function in the process of linear approximation. The analytical solution of a simple example of a partial differential equation of the first order for the Cauchy problem is analyzed. Based on the obtained analytical solution, FV-model is constructed for further comparison with the results obtained by means of FV-modeling. The algorithm for solving the example is described by means of FV-modeling. A visual and numerical comparative analysis is carried out to determine the difference between the obtained results of FV-modeling and the accepted standard. The main difference between solving such a problem by numerical methods is the results obtained. In numerical methods, the result is the value of the function at the approximation nodes, and the FV-model at the nodes contains local geometric characteristics (gradient components in a space enlarged by one), which makes it possible to obtain a nodal local function of an implicit form, as well as a differential local function of an explicit form. The proposed graphical representation of the function area on a computer provides not only visual visibility, but also compact storage compared to a traditional array of real numbers.
Visualization of deformation and stress waves in wooden solid and glued elements of building structures
P.G. Romanov, P.V. Sivtsev
Accepted: 2023-11-04
Abstract
The basis of the research hypothesis is the assumption that in wooden structures, deformations and stresses propagate in waves. The numerical experiment demonstrated a correct qualitative visual picture of the wave propagation of deformations, with wave manifestations and characteristic effects on the surface of the sample, at axial and corner points. Visually, the numerical model showed Rayleigh waves on the surface layer of the sample, depending on the ratio of the external geometric dimensions of the sample model, with pronounced wave interference on the outer shell. The visual manifestation of deformation on the outer sides (faces) and the reflection of deformation waves from the outer boundaries of the elastic medium of the sample in the form of Rayleigh waves confirm the correctness of the general hypothesis and the implemented model. Visualization of the process of emergence, propagation and attenuation of deformation waves on the surface of the sample shows that in the quantitative description of the deformation gradient, areas dangerous for the material can be identified.
Halocline internal wave attractors visualization
Stepan Elistratov
Accepted: 2023-10-19
Abstract
The phenomenon of wave attractor, originating from ocean dynamics, in the last couple decades has become widely-studied both laboratorily and numerically. However, their discoveries in wild nature are still rare hence deepwater ones are out of technique, and attractor in smaller basins cannot form because of energy overinjection. In the current work we show that attractor may exist in shallower depths regardless the depth of the basin’s bottom. Basing the peculiar dispersion relation typical for stratified fluid attractors can be ”trapped” in a narrow halocline layer which may facilitate their detection in the nature. Additionally, we discuss the formed flow structure visualization problems.
Structure Visualization of 4-DASPI–Cucurbituril Supramolecular Complex to Predict the Solvatochromic Shift of Absorption Spectrum
A.S. Stepko, P.V. Lebedev-Stepanov
Accepted: 2023-10-18
Abstract
The study of supramolecular “host-guest” complexes in solutions is of fundamental and practical significance. The structures and formation enthalpy of supramolecular complexes for the 4-DASPI dye with two cavitands (cucurbit[6]uril and cucurbit[7]uril) have been obtained by the TDDFT quantum chemistry method with a camb3lyp basis. It was shown by visualization of the structures that the size of cucurbit[6]uril is too small and doesn’t allow the dye chromophore to penetrate into the cavitand cavity while the dye stays in the ground state, but the formation of an external complex is possible. On the contrary, formation of an inclusion complex with the cucurbit[7]uril is energetically favorable, and the dye chromophore penetrates into the cavity. Visualization of the complex structure allows us to determine the chromophore position relative to the given cavitand cavity, and thus we can predict the changes in the dye spectra due to complexation. The theoretical results of the work are in good correlation with the experiment.
Possibility of Using the Gershberg-Papoulis Method in the Problem of Phase Structure Reconstructing from Low-angle Hilbertograms
Arbuzov Arbuzov, V.A. Arbuzov, Yu.N. Dubnishchev, O.S. Zolotukhina, M.M. Lapikov, V.V. Lukashov
Accepted: 2023-10-08
Abstract
The possibility of processing small-view hilbertograms by the Gershberg-Papulis method to restore the refractive index of phase objects is discussed. The method consists in iterative transitions from estimating a function in the Fourier plane to estimating it in a coordinate space with an adjustment using a priori information. The spectrum of the function is determined on the entire frequency plane as an iterative process result Numerical simulation of the refractive index reconstruction for various test functions was performed using the Gershberg-Papulis method using Radon data known for four angles. Experimental studies on the Hilbert diagnostics example of reacting media (flames) in a high-speed shooting mode (up to 2000 frames per second) were performed using a four-angle tomographic complex implemented on the basis of an upgraded IAB-463M shadow device.
Modifications of Classical Surface Reconstruction Algorithms for Visualization of a Function Defined on a Rectangular Grid
N.V. Munts, S.S. Kumkov
Accepted: 2023-08-13
Abstract
In the paper, modifications of visualization algorithms for real-valued functions of two and three arguments given on a rectangular or parallelepipedal grid are considered. In the case of two arguments, the graph of the function is a surface embedded into the three-dimensional space. The majority of scientific visualization systems offer visualization procedures for such surfaces, but they construct them under the assumption that the functions are continuous. In the paper, for the case of a discontinuous function, a modification of this algorithm is proposed. In addition, the algorithm removes “plateaus” that occur after cutting the function at some level (in order to remove too large values).
Visualization of a function of three arguments implies showing its level sets, that is, regions of the space of arguments where the magnitudes of the function do not exceed a certain value. In the case of a grid function, such sets are “voxel” sets, that is, they are composed of grid cells. With that, some smoothing of the surface of such sets is required, which is carried out by the Marching Cubes algorithm and algorithms of the Laplacian family. A modification of the Marching Cubes algorithm is proposed, which preserves the symmetry of the set surface with respect to the coordinate planes, axes, or some point, if the rendered set has such a symmetry.
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